Fig. 2
(Reprint with permission from [58]. Copyright American Chemical Society, 2018)
A typical top-down strategy for generating therapeutic macrophage derived-nanovesicles for tumor immunotherapy. M1 nanovesicles (M1NVs) were produced by serial extrusion of M1 macrophage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). M1NV was purified by density gradient ultracentrifugation. M1NV reached the tumor site and polarized M2 tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) to anti-tumoral M1 type and induce secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines to activate T cells.