Fig. 4
(Reprinted with permission from Ref [96]. Copyright WILEY–VCH 2020)
A typical biohybrid strategy for generating hybrid exosomes by freeze-thawing induced fusion for combined tumor chemo-immunotherapy. Genetically engineered exosomes (gExos) were fused with thermosensitive liposomes (TLs) to form hybrid nanoparticles (gETL NPs), which can escape from clearance of mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) and be activated by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) at the tumor site to release drugs for chemotherapy and polarize tumor-associated macrophages to M2 type to activate T cells for tumor immunotherapy.