Fig. 4

Effects of different ratios of nano-Se (0, 0.2, and1 mg/L) and Cd (0 and 1 mg/L) on the contents of plant metabolites related to hormones: ABA (A), SA (B), BL (C), JA (D), and the level of expression of the genes BZR1(E), LOX3 (F), ICS2 (G), and NCDE1 (H) in leaves and roots of pepper plants. Different letters across treatments indicate significant differences at P < 0.05