Skip to main content

Table 3 Ginsenosides delivery systems and improved properties

From: Ginsenosides emerging as both bifunctional drugs and nanocarriers for enhanced antitumor therapies

Bioactive compound

Delivery system

Improved properties

References

Rb1

MEs

Controlled and sustained drug release

[102]

CNTs

Enhanced cytotoxicity to MCF-7 and PANC-1 cells

[103]

Rg3

Polymeric NPs

Longer circulation time; sustained drug release; passive target drug delivery; enhanced anti colorectal cancer activity

[88]

Crossed BBB; promoted uptake efficiency of C6 glioma cells

[89]

Sustained drug release; enhanced cytotoxicity to A549 cells

[90]

Liposomes

Enhanced cytotoxicity to A549 and HepG-2 cells; inhibited growth rate of tumor-bearing mice

[97]

Sustained drug release

[96]

Longer circulation time; active target drug delivery; significant synergistic effect with PTX for antitumor activity

[26]

Longer circulation time; active target drug delivery; promoted C6 glioma cells uptake efficiency and tumor penetration; biomimetic property; inhibited growth rate of brain tumor with PTX

[28]

MEs

Controlled drug release

[104]

CK

Polymeric NPs

Sustained drug release; enhanced cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells

[105]

Liposomes

Longer circulation time; active target drug delivery; proapoptotic effects to A549 cells; inhibited growth rate of tumor-bearing mice

[101]

Micelles

Sustained drug release; passive tumor targeting; proapoptotic effects; inhibited tumor cell invasion, metastasis, and outflow of A549 and PC-9 cells; inhibited growth rate of tumor-bearing mice;

[106]

Longer circulation time; sustained drug release; passive tumor targeting; proapoptotic effects to A549 cells; inhibited growth rate of tumor-bearing mice

[107]

Longer circulation time; sustained drug release; active target drug delivery; enhanced cytotoxicity to HepG2 and Huh-7 cells

[108]

Longer circulation time; active target drug delivery; proapoptotic effects to A549 cells; inhibited growth rate of tumor-bearing mice

[109]

GNPs

Proapoptotic effects to A549, HT29, and AGS cells

[110]

MSNPs

Enhanced anti-HepG2, -A549 and -HT-29 colon cancer activity

[111]

Rh2

Polymeric NPs

Passive tumor targeting; enhanced antilung cancer activity

[87]

Enhanced cytotoxicity to MCF-7 cells

[21]

Liposomes

Inhibited the tumor growth of A549 cells; antiproliferation and proapoptotic effects on xenografted tumors; safer than cisplatin group

[98]

Longer circulation time; passive tumor targeting; inhibited growth rate of HepG2 tumor-bearing mice

[100]

Longer circulation time; active target drug delivery; significant synergistic effect with PTX for antitumor activity;

[26]

Longer circulation time; active target drug delivery; proapoptotic effects to 4T1 cells; inhibited growth rate of tumor-bearing mice

[25]

Micelles

Longer circulation time; sustained drug release; inhibited growth rate of A549 tumor-bearing mice

[112]

Longer circulation time; sustained drug release; promoted uptake efficiency of A549 cells; antiproliferation and proapoptotic effects

[113]

MEs

Longer circulation time; crossed intestinal barrier; enhanced cytotoxicity and proapoptotic effects to A549 cells

[114]

Protein-based nanocarriers

Longer circulation time; enhanced cytotoxicity to A549, HepG2, and HT29 cells

[115]

GO

Enhanced cytotoxicity to OVCAR3, MDA-MB, and A375 cells

[116]

MSNPs

Enhanced anti-HepG2, -A549 and -HT-29 colon cancer activity

[111]

Re

Polymeric NPs

Enhanced cytotoxicity to MCF-7 cells

[21]

CDs

Enhanced cytotoxicity to MCF-7, HepG2, and A375 cells

[117]

Rg1

CNTs

Enhanced cytotoxicity to MCF-7 and PANC-1 cells

[103]

Rh1

Polymeric NPs

Passive tumor targeting; enhanced antilung cancer activity

[87]

Rg5

Liposomes

Longer circulation time; active target drug delivery; significant synergistic effects with PTX for antitumor activity

[26]

Longer circulation time; active target drug delivery; biomimetic property; inhibited growth rate of HGC-27, A549, and MCF-7 in tumor-bearing mice with PTX

[27]

Protein-based nanocarriers

Longer circulation time; sustained drug release; active target drug delivery; proapoptotic effects to A549 cells;

[118]

  1. CK compound K, MEs microemulsions, CNTs carbon nanotubes, NPs nanoparticles, GNPs gold nanoparticles, MSNPs mesoporous silica nanoparticles, GO graphene oxide, CDs carbon dots, BBB blood–brain barrier, PTX paclitaxel