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Table 6 Pharmacokinetic parameters of ginsenosides and its formulations in rats

From: Ginsenosides emerging as both bifunctional drugs and nanocarriers for enhanced antitumor therapies

Dosage

t1/2

Cmax

Tmax

Vd/F

CL/F (CL)

AUC0-∞

MRT

Bioavailability

RefS

Nao-Qing emulsion 0.6 mg/kg (Rg1, pr.nar.)

56.1723 h

16.65 μg/mL

0.08 h

0.082

0.0443

592.92 μg·h/mL

17.12 h

NA

[167]

Nao-Qing emulsion 0.6 mg/kg (Rg1, ig)

7.9127 h

11.29 μg/mL

1.00 h

0.0673

0.0668

101.70 μg·h/mL

12.86 h

NA

[167]

CK-SSD 35 mg/kg (po)

4.8 ± 2.5 h

518.1 ± 185 μg/mL

0.4 ± 0.1 h

NA

NA

2434.2 ± 2008.3 μg·h/L

6.8 ± 1.6 h

NA

[168]

CK 35 mg/kg (po)

5.4 ± 0.8 h

253.6 ± 143.3 μg/mL

3.0 ± 0 h

NA

NA

1203.1 ± 636.6 μg·h/L

6.7 ± 0.8 h

NA

[168]

PNS-complex (Rg1, po)

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

27.38 μg·h/mL

NG

50.56%

[169]

PNS-complex (Rb1, po)

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

600.08 μg·h/mL

NG

59.49%

[169]

Liposomal Rg3 0.5 mg/kg (iv)

0.491 h

3343.05 μg/mL

NA

NA

34.266 L/h/kg (CL)

583.676 μg·h/L

0.184 h

NA

[97]

Rg3 0.5 mg/kg (iv)

0.540 h

2185 μg/mL

NA

NA

52.081 L/h/kg (CL)

384.02 μg·h/L

0.196 h

NA

[97]

  1. CK-SSD compound K self-nanomicellizing solid dispersion system, PNS-Complex Panax notoginseng saponins, NA not applicable