Fig. 4

Effects of sEVs from neurons treated with different transmitters on neuron apoptosis of APP/PS1 mice. APP/PS1 mice were injected with Ctrl sEVs (APP/PS1-Ctrl sEV group), glutamate sEVs (APP/PS1-glutamate sEV group) or GABA sEVs (APP/PS1-GABA sEV group) through tail vein. C57/BL wild-type (C57 group) and AD model groups with an equivalent volume of PBS injection (APP/PS1-PBS group) were included as the negative and positive controls, respectively. The dosage was the same as above. A, B Forty days later, the proportion of TUNEL-positive cells in brain slices was detected. Red shows TUNEL-positive cells. Green indicates NeuN-positive cells, neurons. C–I The cerebral cortex was excised to examine the expression of apoptotic and synapse-related proteins. Western blot results of cleaved Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, Synapsin I, Synapsin I (phospho S9), and PSD-95 in the brain tissue. N = 3. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001