Herbal medicine derived carbon dots: synthesis and applications in therapeutics, bioimaging and sensing

Table 1 Herbal medicines for synthesizing HM-CDs

Herbal medicine	Medical parts	Refs
Pinellia ternata	Rhizome	[151]
Osmanthus fragrans	Flower	[150, 152]
Mustard seeds	Seed	[157]
Lemon juice	Fruit	[155]
Ginkgo fruits	Seed	[81]
Ginkgo leaf	Leaf	[85]
Gynostemma	Whole herb	[161]
Puerariae lobatae Radix	Root	[118]
Schizonepetae Spica	Stem/flower spikes	[97, 98]
Papaya	Fruit	[78]
Purple perilla	Leaf	[142]
Ginger	Rhizome	[28]
Aurantii fructus immaturus	Fruit	[117]
Orange peel	Pericarp	[83, 84, 103]
Lychee seeds	Seed	[96]
Rose flowers	Flower	[153]
Bamboo leaves	Leaf	[80]
Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex	Bark	[110, 127, 162]
Radix Sophorae Flavescentis	Root	[115]
Lonicerae japonicae Flos	Flower	[116]
Watermelon peel	Pericarp	[33]
Gardenia fruit	Fruit	[88]
Artemisiae Argyi Folium	Leaf	[134]
Pollen Typhae	Pollen	[109]
Panax notoginseng	Root	[38]
Hair	Tissue	[42]
Giant Knotweed Rhizome	Rhizome	[87]
Junci Medulla	Whole herb	[163]
Coix seed	Seed	[82]
Smilax China	Root	[147]
Yams	Rhizome	[79]
Jujubes	Seed	[149]
Honey	Honey	[43]
Zingiberis rhizoma	Rhizome	[135]
Fennel Seeds	Fruit	[94]
Egg yolk oil	Egg yolk	[44]
Lycii Fructus	Fruit	[148]
Paeoniae Radix Alba	Root	[126]
Jiaosanxian	Fruit/bud	[132]
Mulberry silkworm cocoon	Whole worm	[45]

ISSN: 1477-3155