Fig. 1

Characterization of hybrid membrane RBC-H and Asp8[H40-PEG@(RBC-H) NPs in vitro. a WSU-HN6 cell membrane doped with DiI and DiO and mixed with different mass ratios of RBCs membrane. The fluorescence recovery of the DiI was utilized to monitor the process of fusion. b Immunogold TEM images of RBC-H hybrid membrane vesicle probe for CD47 (the large gold NP, red arrow) and CD44 (the small gold NP, green arrow) (Scale bars = 100 nm). c SDS-PAGE analysis of protein retention (A: RBC membrane, B: WSU-HN6 membrane, C: H40-PEG@(RBC-H), D: Asp8[H40-PEG@(RBC-H) ). d Western blotting analysis of RBC membrane, WSU-HN6 membrane, H40-PEG@(RBC-H), and Asp8[H40-PEG@(RBC-H) for characteristic CD47 of the RBC membrane marker, and CD44 of the WSU-HN6 membrane marker. e HA binding ratio of Asp8[H40-DiI@(RBC-H)] NPs, H40-DiI@(RBC-H) NPs, H40-PEG loaded DiI NPs, and DiI after incubation with HA for 1 h at 37 ℃. f CLSM images of HeLa cells, HUVEC cells, and WSU-HN6 cells cultured with DiI dyed Asp8[H40-PEG@(RBC-H)] NPs. g Flow cytometric profiles and h mean fluorescence intensity of the WSU-HN6 cells, HeLa cells, and HUVEC cells incubated with DiI dyed Asp8[H40-PEG@(RBC-H)] NPs for 4 h at 37 ℃. i CLSM images of WSU-HN6 cells and HeLa cells cultured with DiI labeled Asp8[H40-PEG@(RBC-H)] NPs after co-incubated the both cell lines (green = WSU-HN6 cells membrane, bule = nucleus, and red = Asp8[H40-PEG@(RBC-H)] NPs, scale bar = 50 μm). Asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference between two groups (p < 0.05), *** p < 0.001