Table 1 Oral nanomedicine for increasing anti-cancer drug bioavailability

1. Polymers

Carnitine coated PLGA NP

–

Increased paclitaxel BA

[58]

Chitosan coated PLGA NP

Oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy

Increased oral cavity residence time

[118]

PLGA NP

Oral cavity cancer

Increased local docetaxel delivery

[119]

Pegylated PLA NP

Breast cancer prevention

Increased raloxifene hydrochloride BA

[60, 61]

Pegylated PLA NP

Lung cancer

Increased paclitaxel BA

[63]

Hyaluronic acid coated pegylated PLGA NP

Colon cancer

Increased PTC209 delivery and Inhibited cancer stem cell proliferation

[123]

PCL NP

–

Increased ellagic acid

[67]

2. Inorganic materials

Aluminum silicate

–

Increased methotrexate release properties

[64]

Selenium NP

Prostate cancer

Reduced side effects and increased tumor growth inhibition

[67]

3. Polysac

Chitosan modified with acrylonitrile and arginine

–

Increased curcumin bioavailability

[74]

Cyclodextrin micelles

Sarcoma

Increased docetaxel BA and tumor reduction

[76]

Guar gum (GG) NPs

–

Increased mammary gland targeting, tamoxifen BA, and decreased liver toxicity

[77]

4. Protein

Pectin coated casein/zein NP

–

Enhanced curcumin bioavailability (BA)

[82]

Apotransferrin and lactoferrin NP

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Enhanced doxorubicin BA and decreased liver nodule number

[83]

Milk casein NP

–

Increased resveratrol BA than free administered drug

[88]

Polydopamine NPs

–

Increased gastric targeting and local xanthatin delivery

[120]

5. Lipid nanoparticles

Hybrid lipid- poly(ε-caprolactone) NP

Subcutaneous model of hepatic cancer

Increased cabazitaxel BA and tumor growth inhibition

[92]

Hybrid polymer-lipid NP

–

Increased berberine bioavailability

[93]

Chitosan coated solid lipid NP

–

Increased curcumin bioavailability

[95]

Amphiphilic and pegylated lipids and cholesterol

–

Increased siRNA delivery to immune cells

[101]

Squalene NP

Colon cancer

Increased paclitaxel delivery and tumor killing properties

[122]

6. Bioinspired systems

Chimeric Virus-like Particles (VLPs) decorated with VSP

HA-expressing tumor

Increased immune response against HA-expressing mesothelioma

[107]

Live attenuated salmonella coated with polymeric particles

Melanoma

Increased immune response against VEGFR2

[108]

Yeast loaded polymeric nanoparticles

Subcutaneous breast cancer

Increased paclitaxel delivery via macrophages

[110]

Milk exosomes

Subcutaneous lung cancer model

Increased tumor killing properties and safety

[115]