Fig. 7

OVA@DDAB/PLGA Nv induced splenocyte activation and cytokines secretion. a The schematic treatment schedule of the vaccine immunization. b, c, d The activation of CD4⁺ T cells (b) CD8⁺ T cells (c) and B cells (d) from mice after being immunized with different vaccine formulations were measured by flow cytometry. e, f, g, h The secretion of Th1-type cytokine of IFN-γ (e), TNF-α (f) and Th2-type cytokine of IL-6 (g), IL-4 (h) after intramuscular injection with different vaccines formulations were measured by an ELISA kit. i The ratio of IFN-γ to IL-4 secreted by splenocytes immunized with different vaccines. j Granzyme B secretion by splenocytes immunized with different vaccines were measured by an ELISA kit. Data was expressed as Mean ± STD (n = 6). (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001)