Fig. 4

In vitro inflammation regulation and neuroprotective capabilities of EVs^−cl−NGF. A Flow cytometry analysis of the neuroprotection of EVs^−cl−NGF on PC12 cells cultivated at the upper level of the Transwell™ coculture system. (Numbers in the areas indicated per cent late apoptotic cells). B Live-Dead cell staining to evaluate the neuroprotection of EVs^−cl−NGF on PC12 cells cultivated at the upper level of the Transwell™ coculture system. C ELISA-based measurement of TGF-β, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα (pg/mL) in supernatants from the culture medium from different groups. D Flow cytometry analysis of primary M1 macrophages cultivated at the lower level of the Transwell™ coculture system. (Numbers indicated per cent F4/80 + , CD86 + cells). E Flow cytometry analysis of primary M2 macrophages cultivated at the lower level of the Transwell™ coculture system. (Numbers indicated per cent F4/80 + , CD206 + cells). * at the top of each group's statistical graph indicates the difference analysis with the PBS group. Data presented the mean ± SD (n = 6 per group) (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and ns: not significant)