Fig. 2

Functions verification of lactate treatment plant PLNP^Cu in vitro. a Lactate adsorption rate of PEI in nanoparticles (n = 3). b Lactate depletion effect of LNP^Cu overtime at pH 7.4 (n = 3). c Lactate degradation ratio of LNP^Cu at the shorter incubation time in different acidic solutions (n = 3). d Lactate degradation rate of LNP^Cu compared with LOX after sufficiently enzymatic hydrolysis (n = 3). e The generation of enzymatic product H₂O₂ (n = 3). f The degradation process of MB caused by ·OH generation from the Fenton-like reaction of nanoparticles under different conditions. Results were expressed as mean ± SD. The significant difference was calculated via one-way ANOVA analysis (a, d, e). (NS represented not significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001)