Regulating the production and biological function of small extracellular vesicles: current strategies, applications and prospects

Table 2 Regulatory factors of exosome release

Regulatory factor	Correlation	Function
Rab2b [45] Rab5a [45] Rab9a [45]	Positive correlated in HeLa cells	Rab GTPases regulate different stages of vesicle transport, including budding, movement and connection, thus promoting the fusion of MVBs and plasma membrane
Rab11 [46, 47] Rab27a [45, 48,49,50] Rab27b [45, 49, 50] Rab31 [51] Rab35 [52, 53]	Positive correlated in various cells
Rab7 [34]	Positive correlated in MCF-7 cells
SNAP23 [54] VAMP7 [55] VAMP8 [56]	Positive correlated in various cells	They participate in Ca²⁺-regulated fusion of organelles membrane and plasma membrane
Ykt6 [57]	Positive correlated in HEK293 cells	Ykt6 promotes the secretion of exosomes containing Wnt3a
STX5 [58]	Positive correlated in 4T1 cells	They participate in the fusion of MVBs and plasma membrane
STX1a [59]	Positive correlated in S2 cells	They participate in the fusion of MVBs and plasma membrane
DGKα [60]	Negative correlated in T lymphoblasts	DGKα inhibits the formation of MVBs

ISSN: 1477-3155