Table 4 Comparison of different strategies for sEV regulation
Strategy | Advantages | Disadvantages | Proper application scenarios |
|---|---|---|---|
Gene engineering methods | Abundant regulatory targets Easy to design genetic modification methods based on the biogenesis and release mechanisms of sEVs Easy to load customed nucleic acid | Complicated and expensive Easy to cause unknown mutations in donor cells Low throughput of modulating donor cell | Cancer treatment & gene therapy |
Stress-inducing conditions | Convenient operation Capable to enhance sEV yield and strengthen desired biological function High throughput of modulating donor cell | Need to accurately control the stress-inducing conditions Easy to damage donor cells | Cardiovascular disease treatment |
Chemical regulators | Convenient operation Capable to enhance sEV yield and strengthen desired biological function High throughput of modulating donor cell | Need to screen chemical regulators from a huge number of chemical molecules Potential cytotoxicity | Cancer treatment |
Physical methods | Capable to enhance sEV yield and strengthen desired biological function High throughput of modulating donor cell | Need additional equipment Difficult to accurately control the parameters of physical stimulus Easy to damage donor cells Unclear regulatory mechanism | Tissue repair |
Biomaterial stimulations | Capable to enhance sEV yield and strengthen desired biological function Cause no damage to donor cells High safety | Need to prepare various biomaterials with different components and structures Unclear regulatory mechanism | Tissue repair |