Nanoformulation | Host | Characteristic | Aim | Test plant | Treatment | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nano-CS-NPK | CS + PMAA | No data | To enhance growth productivity in sandy soil | Wheat (Triticum aestivum) | Foliar application with 3 times at 3-weeks intervals In outdoor condition for 2 seasons | [18] |
Nano-NPK | CS + PMAA | Uncontrolled morphology with the actual particle size of 8–9 nm by TEM | To check the effect on fruit yield and quality | Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) | Irrigation in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates | [106] |
Zinc nanocarrier | CS + TPP | H.D: 325 nm, ZP: + 42.34, spherical morphology, and actual particle size 200 nm by SEM | Agronomic fortification in grains | Wheat | Foliar application twice a week for 5 weeks | [36] |
Selenium nanofertilizer | PEI- carbon | 100Â nm with spherical shape | Controlled and site-specific delivery | 10 different vegetable plants | Soil amendment | [166] |
Urea-hydroxyapatite nanofertilizer | Hydroxyapatite | Crystalline size of 18Â nm with bead-shape | Slow-release of nitrogen | Rice (Oryza sativa) | Soil amendment | [82] |
Zinc CS nanoparticles | CS + TPP | H.D: 387 nm, ZP: + 34 mV, spherical morphology, and actual particle size in 200–300 nm by TEM | To promote the crop yield with disease control | Maize (Zea mays) | Seed priming 4 h before showing and foliar applicationwhere spray of nanoformulation was done after 35 days of sowing | [31] |
Chitosan-PMAA-NPK nanofertilizer | CS + PMAA | The actual particle size of 38.98, 87.65, and 24.07 nm by TEM, for N, P, and K respectively | Dose-dependent genotoxic and mitotis effect | Pea (Pisum sativum) | Root applicationon 5-day-old seedlings for 1, 2, 4, and 7 days | [78] |
Zn/B nanofertilizer | CS + TPP | H.D: 700 nm, ZP: + 35 mV | Biophysical characteristic and growth effect on seedlings | Coffee (Coffea sp.) | Foliar application 3 times in 20 days in the greenhouse | [156] |
Zn nanofertilizer | Nano-zeolite | Cubic to round shape | Slow and controlled release of Zn | – | – | [164] |
NPK-nanofertilizer | CS + TPP | H.D: 500 nm, ZP: + 50 mV, spherical morphology | Biophysical characteristic and growth effect on seedlings | Coffee | Foliar application 3 times in 15 days in the greenhouse | [56] |
Nano Zn fertilizer | CS + TPP + Zein protein coating | H.D: 709 nm, ZP: + 36 mV, spherical morphology, and actual particle size of 80–300 nm by TEM | Slow and controlled released | Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) | Foliar application 25 mL of 50 ppm concentration spray on 30 days old plant | [73] |
Potassium nanofertilizer | CS + alginate | H.D: 594 nm, and actual particle size of 151 nm by SEM | Maximum loading with controlled release of potassium | – | – | [119] |
CNK fertilizers | CS + MAA | ZP: + 21.8 mV, spherical morphology and actual particle size of 39–79 by TEM | Soil conditioning with biomass production | Maize | Randomized completely block design (RCBD) and consisted of eight treatments in an open field | [83] |
Sulfate-supplemented NPK nanofertilizer | CS + TPP | H.D: 145.4 nm and 450.5 nm with ZP = 14.7 mV and 19.9 mV, respectively | Effective growth of plant | Maize | Soil treatment under greenhouse condition | [37] |
Chitosan (Cu and SA) nanofertilizer | CS + TPP | H.D: 539.7 nm, ZP: + 37.3 mV, spherical morphology | To improve the source activity of the plant | Maize | Seed treatment 4 h before showing and foliar application sprayed after 55 days of seed showing | [144] |
Urea-doped calcium phosphate nanoparticles | Ca-P | Actual particle size-13.8Â nm, with disk-shaped morphology | To reduce nitrogen dose requirement | Durum wheat (Triticum durum) | Foliar and root application |