Fig. 1

Schematic illustration of VGB3-decorated gold nanoparticles. The particles are coated first with MU/MUA and then coupled to the VGB3 peptide via its linker segment (Lys-Ala-Trp-Ala) to avoid steric hindrance. A three-dimensional model of VGB3 was constructed using homology modeling in MODELLER version 9.18, and the model structure was visualized using UCSF chimera software