Table 2 Nanomaterials applied to bio-pesticide and their functions
Bio-pesticide category | Active Ingredients (AIs) | Material(s) | Function | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Microbial pesticides ( Bacterial pesticide) | Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) | Nanotubular sodium titanate | Effective in controlling cotton leaf-worm | [86] |
Microbial pesticides ( fungal pesticides) | Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) | Silica nanoparticles and carbon fibers | Improving mortality to larvae of potato Spodoptera litura (S. litura) | [88] |
Plant-derived pesticides | Essential oils | Chitosan-coated nanosilver | Synergistic effect against a wide range of microorganisms | [89] |
Agricultural antibiotics | Avermectin | Poly (ethylene glycol)-carboxymethyl cellulose (PEG-CMC) | Improved the anti-UV ability & increased the biocompatibility of the Avermectin | [33] |
Validamycin and thifluzamide | Polylactic acid | The nanoparticles prepared by compounding Validamycin with chemical pesticides showed better control of rice sheath blight, which was 4.2 times more effective than the control | [91] | |
Biochemical pesticides | Gibberellic acid (GA) | layered double hydroxides (LDH) | Promoted plant growth | [93] |
Plant immunity elicitor-inducing antibacterial agents | Chitosan & Zinc oxide | Chitosan encapsulated zinc oxide nanocomposite | As an efficient biocompatible elicitor to improve agronomic traits of crops | [95] |