Fig. 4

Transmural endothelialisation in biodegradable vascular NanoGraft. a Illustration of transmural capillary in-growth through the porous woven structure of the nanotextile graft. b SEM micrograph showing endothelial coverage on the entire surface of the graft (inset low magnification). Confocal images of the explanted NanoGraft c en face staining on the luminal surface of the NanoGraft showing complete endothelial coverage with tight junctions d cross-sectional view of vascular graft showing an abundance of infiltrated cells stained for nuclei (DAPI-blue) e Immunohistofluorescence staining of the mid-portion of NanoGraft. Tissues stained for nuclei—DAPI (blue), Endothelial cells—Wheat germ agglutinin (green). f Presence of circumferentially aligned smooth muscle cells (alpha-smooth muscle actin-red) on the abluminal surface of the graft. g Neocapillaries formed at the abluminal side of NanoGraft (400×). H&E staining shows neocapillary in-growth in the h abluminal and i luminal regions of the porous nanotextile graft