Fig. 11
SiO2 NPs induce ROS generation. ROS levels were measured by H2DCF-DA staining at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h after exposure to 15-nm (A) and 50-nm (C) SiO2 NPs at various concentrations (5–80 μg/ml). B and D The ROS levels were monitored by CLSM, showing that ROS level increased with time after exposure to SiO2 NPs at concentrations of 20 and 80 μg/mL. Data points are mean ± SD from three independent experiments with three samples per concentration. *p < 0.05 compared to the control. Scale bar: 100 μm