Fig. 5

Pharmacological inhibitor blocks the SPc-mediated dsRNA delivery. a, b’ Inhibitor application hindered the cellular uptake of dseGFP/SPc complex. The cells were exposed to 0.2 μM Bafilomycin-A (inhibitor) for 30 min, incubated with dseGFP/SPc complex, and then examined. Blue: DAPI. Green: dseGFP. c Schematic diagram of pharmacological assay toward S. frugiperda. The 2-day-old larvae were fed with Baf A for 2 days. Then, RNAi was performed using 4-d-old larvae. d QRT-PCR analysis of ATP-d gene expression in larvae fed with inhibitor. Each treatment consisted of 3 replications. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences (Tukey HSD test, P < 0.05)