Fig. 9

SPION-mediated magnetic actuation upregulates the expression of neurotrophic factors associated with repair phenotypes in Schwann cells. The protein expression of repair phenotype-related neurotrophic factors BDNF, GDNF, Olig1 and VEGF in different experimental groups was detected by immunohistochemical staining at 3 (a), 7 (d), 14 (g) and 21 days (j) after crush injury, and the protein expression levels were quantitatively analyzed (b, e, h, k). c, f, i, l The protein expression levels of such neurotrophic factors at the above time points were detected by ELISA, and the results were consistent with the immunohistochemical analysis. Each experiment was carried out in triplicate. The values are represented as the mean ± SD. Scale bar = 50 µm in panels a, d, g, j. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01