Table 3 Specific nanotechnology applied in different disease models
From: The advances in nanomedicine for bone and cartilage repair
Nanotechnology | Disease Model | Application | |
|---|---|---|---|
Nano-diagnostics | QD | Orthopedic implant-associated infection | Assessing the status of the implants |
| Â | Nanosensor | OA | Assessing the development of OA in a non-invasive and real-time manner |
| Â | AuNPs-based Biochip | Osteoporosis | Providing accurate identification of bone damage levels |
| Â | AuNPs-based MRI contrast agents | Fatigue-induced bone microdamage | Detecting bone mass and bone quality |
| Â | AuNP-based probe | OA | Detect ADAMTS-4 activity in the synovial fluid |
Targeted drug delivery | AgNPs | Periprosthetic infections | Inhibiting bacteria |
| Â | MNP | Degenerative joint diseases | Sustained release of diclofenac sodium |
| Â | BCP NPs | Cranial critical-sized bone defects | Sustained release of BMP-2 |
| Â | Liposomes | OA | Targeting the inflammation site with increased release of p-coumaric acid |
| Â | Polymeric micelles | Metastatic bone tumours | Targeted delivery of docetaxel and doxorubicin |
| Â | PNPs | RA | Targeted delivery of FK506 |
| Â | BMSC-exosome | Osteoporosis | Increasing the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs |
| Â | STExos | Femur fracture | Promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSC to accelerate bone healing |
| Â | Exosome | RA | Targeted delivery of Dex |
Tissue engineering | Nanofibrous scaffolds | Bone/cartilage defects | Potential graft materials for orthopedic applications with outstanding advantages, including favourable biocompatibility, biodegradability, certain porosity and suitable strength |
| Â | Nanocomposite hydrogels | Bone/cartilage defects | Minimally invasive injectable with good dispersion of bioactive factors for matching irregular defects |
| Â | Surface modification | Fracture | Good choice as joint-replacement material due to low wear and high strength |
| Â | Nano-coating | Orthopedic implant-associated infection | Excellent material for long-term implant devices |
| Â | nHA | Fracture | Promoting tissue integration |
| Â | Ostim | THA | Reduce the penetration of bone cement |
| Â | Ta-coated electrospun PLA NFs | Fracture | Being fabricated into rods, screws and plates |
| Â | Engineered EVs | OA | Mediating intercellular communication and regulating the damaged tissue environment |