Fig. 5

MSC-BMP2-Exos expedited bone regeneration through BMP2/Smad pathway. a 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were used for animal study. Holes with diameters of 1 mm were created at lateral epicondyle of right distal femur. At each time point, micro-CT, histology and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed. b Representative reconstructed 3D images of trabecular bone at injured sites. Scale bars: 500 μm. c Quantitative analysis of BMD, BV/TV, Tb.Th and Tb.N for trabecular bones at injured sites, n = 6. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001