Table 1 The demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients in three cohorts
Characteristic | Training cohort (n = 47) | Testing cohort (n = 62) | External cohort (n = 99) |
|---|---|---|---|
Categories—no. (%) | |||
 Benign | 17 (36.2) | 24 (38.7) | 20 (20.2) |
 Malignant | 30 (63.8) | 38 (61.3) | 79 (79.8) |
 Age, mean (SD) | 58.7 (12.5) | 58.1 (10.7) | 57.9 (11.9) |
Age, no. (%) | |||
 < 60 | 24 (51.1) | 28 (45.2) | 49 (49.5) |
 ≥ 60 | 23 (48.9) | 34 (54.8) | 50 (50.5) |
Gender, no. (%) | |||
 Female | 20 (42.6) | 37 (59.7) | 55 (55.6) |
 Male | 27 (57.4) | 25 (40.3) | 44 (44.4) |
Smoking status, no. (%) | NA | ||
 Yes | 12 (25.5) | 6 (9.7) |  |
 No | 35 (74.5) | 56 (90.3) |  |
Pathology, no. (%) | |||
 AIS | 3 (6.4) | 6 (9.7) | 10 |
 MIA | 10 (21.3) | 11 (17.7) | 5 |
 Invasive | 17 (36.2) | 21 (33.9) | 66 |
 AAH | 2 (4.3) | 2 (3.2) | 0 |
 Fibrosis | 2 (4.3) | 4 (6.5) | 0 |
 Granulomas | 4 (8.5) | 3 (4.8) | 0 |
 Hamartoma | 2 (4.3) | 3 (4.8) | 3 |
 OP | 4 (8.5) | 4 (6.5) | 0 |
 Other benign subtypes | 3 (6.4) | 8 (12.9) | 15 |
Nodule diameter (cm), no. (%) | |||
 ≤ 1 | 12 (25.5) | 24 (38.7) | 21 (21.2) |
 > 1 | 35 (74.5) | 38 (61.3) | 78 (78.8) |
Malignant stages, no. (%) | NA | ||
 0 | 3 (10.0) | 6 (15.8) |  |
 IA1 | 12 (40.0) | 13 (34.2) |  |
 IA2 | 5 (16.7) | 11 (28.9) |  |
 IA3 | 6 (20.0) | 4 (10.5) |  |
 IB | 1 (3.3) | 0 |  |
 IIA | 2 (6.7) | 0 |  |
 IIB | 0 | 1 (2.6) |  |
 IIIA | 1 (3.3) | 3 (7.9) |  |