Fig. 2

Extraction and identification of CD90⁺ MSCs from human synovium. A Pattern diagram. B CD90 (green) and DAPI (blue) immunofluorescence staining of human synovium in the different groups, Bar = 100 μm, n = 5. C CD90⁺ MSCs isolated from normal synovium by flow cytometry, with CD45 as an exclusive marker. Cultured cells were tested for spindle morphology and adherence on the plate. D Representative DAPI-stained images and proliferation curves of CD90⁺ MSCs (passages 5/10/15) based on cell numbers from 0 to 72 h. E The expression of cell surface markers (CD44 and CD106) on CD90⁺ MSCs detected by flow cytometry. F The representative stained images show that CD90⁺ MSCs differentiated into osteocytes (Alizarin red), adipocytes (oil red O), and chondrocytes (toluidine blue). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01