Fig. 5

Transdermal therapy efficacy of various formula hydrogels on IMQ-induced psoriasiform skin inflammation (therapeutic dosage: 0.5 mL/daily). a Experimental scheme of antipsoriatic treatment. b PASI scores of skin lesions were monitored. c Change of body weight in percentage. d Quantification of the epidermal thickness. e HE Baker grading of the dorsal skin sections stained with H&E. f Representative images of the dorsal skin. g Representative H&E images of the dorsal skin sections. h Representative immunohistochemistry images of KI67⁺ cells in the dorsal skin sections. n = 4, mean ± SEM, scale bars:20 μm, n.s. (not significant), ^*p < 0.05, ^***p < 0.001, ^****p < 0.0001 vs. IMQ group, Sham: control group, IMQ: imiquimod group, N₁: Car@NMs@MTX hydrogel, N₂: Car@NMs@ZA hydrogel, N₃: Car@NMs@MTX-ZA hydrogel