Fig. 3

Optimization of trapping efficiency and long-term maintenance of budding yeast cells. A Time-lapse images showing the filling of empty traps at 0 h, 2 and 4 h after cell loading (time mark: “hour: minute”, the same below). Blue arrows indicate empty traps, while yellow ones indicate traps that were docked with daughter cells from upstream. Scale bar is 50 μm. B Trapping rate increasing within the first 4 h after cell loading (3 independent runs). C Two samples of mother cells being dragged away by unrotated buds in the 4-µm-long “bowl”. Scale bar is 10 μm. D Two samples of capturing extra cells in the 6-µm-long “bowl”. Scale bar is 10 μm. E Percentage of occupied traps occurring with mother loss and extra cell capture from 0 to 4 h and from 24 to 28 h after cell loading (3 independent runs, 220 traps per run). Scale bar is 10 μm