Fig. 3

In vitro ROS and oxygen generation capabilities of Pd/H-TiO₂. a TiO₂ and b Pd/H-TiO₂ mediated SDT performance demonstrated by the degradation of DPBF. c TiO₂ and d Pd/H-TiO₂ mediated SDT performance demonstrated by the degradation of MB. e CDT performance of Pd/H-TiO₂ demonstrated by the degradation of MB. f Enhanced SDT and CDT performance of Pd/H-TiO₂ demonstrated by the degradation of MB. Detection of g ¹O₂ and h •OH generated from different solutions through ESR spectra. The groups were: (1) Pd/H-TiO₂, (2) H₂O₂, (3) Pd/H-TiO₂ + H₂O₂, (4) US, (5) H₂O₂ + US, (6) Pd/H-TiO₂ + US and (7) Pd/H-TiO₂ + H₂O₂ + US. i Dissolved oxygen generation of TiO₂ and Pd/H-TiO₂ in H₂O₂ solution