Fig. 2

The Efficiently Induce Tumor Cell Death by MnCO₃-ICG. A Cell uptake of 4T1 cells incubated with MnCO₃-ICG at different time (scale bar, 50 μm). B Flow cytometric and quantitative analyses of internalization of MnCO₃-ICG at different time. C CLSM evaluation on the lysosomal escape of MnCO₃-ICG. The blue, green, and red colors indicate cell nucleus, ICG, and lysosome, respectively (scale bar, 50 μm). D CLSM imaging of the MnCO₃-ICG penetration after different treatment (pH 6.5 with laser or pH 7.4 without laser) in MCSs (scale bar, 200 μm). E Corresponding fluorescence profiles in D. F Calcein-AM and PI co-stained 4T1 cells with different concentration of MnCO₃-ICG with or without 808 nm laser (0.5 W/cm², 5 min) irradiation, the green and red fluorescence indicate live cells and dead cells. G Cell viabilities of 4T1 cells measured by MTT assays, after incubating with different concentration of MnCO₃-ICG with or without 808 nm laser (0.5 W/cm², 5 min) irradiation. H Calcein-AM and PI co-stained 4T1 MCSs after different treatment for three days (PBS, MnCO₃-ICG with [Mn]: 20 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL without and with laser irradiation (808 nm, 0.5 W/cm², 5 min)). I Flow cytogram representing apoptosis assay based on Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining of 4T1 cells after treatment with different therapeutic groups. J Early apoptosis (V + /PI −) and (K) late apoptosis (V + /PI +) of the 4T1 cells after treatment with different therapeutic groups