Fig. 1

HM-exo alleviates IRI in LT with severe steatotic donor liver. A Morphology of exosomes under TEM: exosomes appear as typical bilayer membrane vesicles. B The particle size of exosomes, as detected using NTA (n = 3). C Western blotting detection of CD9, CD63, CD81, TSG101, and Calnexin levels in the supernatant (Sup) and exosomes (exos) (n = 3). D Complete procedure of liver transplantation with a severe steatotic donor liver. E Fluorescence images showing the biodistribution of CM-DiI (red) labeled exosomes in liver tissues. F Representative H&E staining images of liver tissues from different treatment groups (PBS, M-exo, and HM-exo), with the black dotted line representing necrotic areas. (n = 6). G Severity of the liver injury was assessed using histological sections of the liver according to the Suzuki liver injury scoring criteria (n = 6). H Levels of serum ALT, AST, and TBIL in each group (n = 6). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. LT: Liver transplantation