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Fig. 2 | Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Fig. 2

From: Silica nanoparticles protect rice against biotic and abiotic stresses

Fig. 2

SiO2 NPs enhance rice resistance to M. oryzae through foliar treatment. A Rice spraying assays. Rice leaves were pretreated with different concentrations of SiO2 NPs two hours before spraying M. oryzae conidial suspension (5 × 104 spores/mL) on two-week old rice seedlings. B Diseased leaf area analysis. Data are presented as a bar chart showing percentage of lesion areas analyzed by Image J. C Severity of blast disease was evaluated by quantifying M. oryzae genomic 28S rDNA relative to rice genomic Rubq1 DNA (7 days post-inoculation). Mean values of three determinations with standard deviations are shown. D Quantification of lesion types (per 1.5 cm2) on susceptible rice spayed with conidia of wild type M. oryzae strain. Disease lesions were quantified by a ‘lesion-type’ scoring assay which divided the lesions into 1–5 types according to their severity. Error bars represent SD and different capital letters represent significant differences (P < 0.01). E SiO2 NPs triggered dose-dependent fungal inhibition in a concentration range 7 days after inoculation of wild type M. oryzae strain on susceptible rice cv. CO-39. Fungal growth inhibition rates data from Additional file 1: Fig. S1 were used to establish a logistic dose–response model. Above the dynamic range, the fungal infection could increase again (Fig. 2A–C). CSi, SiO2 NPs concentration in mg/L

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