Fig. 3
From: Silica nanoparticles protect rice against biotic and abiotic stresses
Root treatment with SiO2 NPs also enhances rice resistance. A Rice spraying assays. Rice seedlings pretreated with different concentrations of SiO2 NPs through irrigating method 2 h before fungus inoculation. B and C Diseased leaf area and disease severity analysis. Lesion areas were analyzed by Image J. and disease severity was evaluated by quantifying M. oryzae genomic 28S rDNA relative to rice genomic Rubq1 DNA. D Quantification of lesion types (per 1.5 cm2) on susceptible rice spayed with conidia of wild type M. oryzae strain. Error bars represent SD and different capital letters represent significant differences (P < 0.01)