Fig. 1

Schematic illustration of the Immune-Normalization versus Immune-Enhancement Approaches. Using proper flow and drainage of a pipeline as a comparison for the antitumor immune response. The flow of the pipeline can be insufficient when a blockade impairs flow, as the antitumor immune response can be insufficient when there is an immune impairment. The immune enhancement approach is illustrated as an increase inflow or pressure to return to proper function/flow with the risk of breaking the pipe (adverse effects). In contrast, the immune normalization approach would be to identify and try to unblock this specific blockage and restore the flow.