Fig. 10

a Schematic illustration of ClyA-Catcher (CC) OMVs system for antigen display. b TEM and DLS analysis of CC OMVs. Scale bar, 100 nm. c The maturation status of DCs in inguinal lymph nodes on days 17 post immunization. The percentage of CD80⁺ and CD86⁺ cells in CD11c⁺ cells was assessed by flow cytometry. d Flow cytometry analysis of the percentage of IFN-γ⁺ cytotoxic T lymphocytes in splenocytes re-stimulated with OVA_257–264 antigen. Tumor volumes (e) were recorded, and survival rate (f) was monitored after immunized with the indicated formulations on days 3, 7, and 11. g Tumors were harvested on day 29 for flow cytometry analysis (n = 4) of the following immune cells: CD3⁺, CD3⁺CD8⁺, CD3⁺CD4⁺, CD3⁺CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ T lymphocytes, activated neutrophils (CD11b⁺Ly6G⁺ cells), macrophages (F4/80⁺ cells), dendritic cells (CD11c⁺ cells), and MDSCs (CD11b⁺Gr1⁺ cells). The data are shown as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed by two-tailed unpaired t test (e, g) and two-sided log-rank test (f). N.S. no significance.