Fig. 5

Macrophages are responsible for itch responses and wound healing. a HFF cells were incubated with DMEM (No-CM), conditioned medium from THP-1 macrophages (Control-CM), THP-1 macrophages treated with LPS (LPS-CM), THP-1 macrophages treated with LPS and exosomes (LPS + Exo-CM), THP-1 macrophages treated with LPS, exosomes and 3-MA (LPS + Exo + 3MA-CM) and THP-1 macrophages treated with LPS and rapamycin (LPS + RAPA-CM). MTS assay and corresponding proliferative cell rate (%) of HFF cells. n = 3. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. b HaCaT cells were incubated with DMEM (No-CM), conditioned medium from THP-1 macrophages (Control-CM), THP-1 macrophages treated with LPS (LPS-CM), THP-1 macrophages treated with LPS and exosomes (LPS + Exo-CM), THP-1 macrophages treated with LPS, exosomes and 3-MA (LPS + Exo + 3MA-CM) and THP-1 macrophages treated with LPS and rapamycin (LPS + RAPA-CM). MTS assay and corresponding proliferative cell rate (%) of HaCaT cells. n = 3. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. c Wound closure rate (%) of HFF cells per treatment group. Scale bars, 100 µm. d Wound closure rate (%) of HaCaT cells per treatment group. Scale bars, 100 µm. e SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with DMEM/F12 medium (No-CM), conditioned medium from THP-1 macrophages (Control-CM), THP-1 macrophages treated with LPS (LPS-CM), THP-1 macrophages treated with LPS and exosomes (LPS + Exo-CM), THP-1 macrophages treated with LPS, exosomes and 3-MA (LPS + Exo + 3MA-CM) and THP-1 macrophages treated with LPS and rapamycin (LPS + RAPA-CM). Relative mRNA expression levels of neuron sensitivity markers, Il31ra, Nppb, Trpv4, and Trpv1, in SH-SY5Y per treatment group. n = 3. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. f The calcium transient in capsaicin (500 nM) was observed in SH-SY5Y per treatment group