Fig. 1

Schematic illustration of research process. A Supercritical anti-solvent process was employed to produce carrier-free nanoICG with enhanced imaging properties and anti-photobleaching capacity. B Superstable homogeneous intermixed formulation technology (SHIFT) was employed to produce SHIFT&nanoICG for theranostics. C Preoperative TAE adjuvant therapy with SHIFT&nanoICG as the embolic agent. D The patient received a precise laparoscopic hepatectomy under real-time fluorescence after TAE