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Table 2 mRNA-LNP delivery in infectious disease

From: Recent advances in mRNA-LNP therapeutics: immunological and pharmacological aspects

LNP components

mRNA

Infection

Pharmacological effects and feedback

Refs.

Ionizable lipid: DSPC: cholesterol: PEG-lipid

mRNA encoding prM-E genes

Zika virus infection

High neutralizing antibody titers which conferred sterilizing immunity

[11]

Ionizable cationic lipid/phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/PEG-lipid

mRNAs encoding the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibody VRC01

HIV-1 infection

Increase in VRC01 antibody concentrations in the mice plasma 24 h after IV injection

No increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine and type I IFN production

[192]

Ionizable cationic lipid (proprietary to Acuitas Therapeutics)/phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/PEG-lipid

mRNAs encoding HIV-1 envelope, ZIKV prM-E, and influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA)

HIV, influenza, Zika viruses

Induction of high levels of Tfh cells and germinal center (GC) B cells

Induction of potent antigen-specific CD4+ T cell responses and neutralizing antibody responses in nonhuman primates and mice

[196]

Ionizable lipid: DSPC: cholesterol: PEG-lipid

RSV F-expressing mRNAs

RSV infection

Induction of potent neutralizing antibody responses in both cotton rats and mice

Induction of strong CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in mice

[197]

Ionizable cationic lipid (proprietary to Acuitas Therapeutics)/phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/PEG-lipid

mRNA encoding envelope or HIV-1 Env gp160

HIV-1 infection

Induction of durable antibody responses

[198]

Ionizable cationic lipid (proprietary to Acuitas Therapeutics)/phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/PEG-lipid

mRNA encoding the clade C transmitted/founder 1086C HIV-1 Env

HIV infection

Induction of high levels of gp120-specific antibodies in rhesus macaques and rabbits

[199]

Ionizable lipid: structural lipid: sterol: PEG-lipid

mRNA encoding the POWV prM and E genes

Powassan virus (POWV), an emerging tick-borne flavivirus

Induction of high levels of neutralizing antibodies and sterilizing immunity

[200]