Skip to main content
Fig. 5 | Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Fig. 5

From: Reciprocal regulation of NRF2 by autophagy and ubiquitin–proteasome modulates vascular endothelial injury induced by copper oxide nanoparticles

Fig. 5

Autophagy is involved in CuONPs-induced NRF2 activation. A Representative confocal images of NRF2 subcellular location in WT and ATG5 knockout (ATG5-KO) cells treated with CuONPs (20 μg/mL) or MG132 (20 μM) for 12 h, respectively. Scale bar, 20 μm. Nuclei, DAPI. B, C Immunoblotting analysis and quantification of protein levels of NRF2, HMOX1, ATG5, SQSTM1, LC3B and GAPDH (loading control) in WT and ATG5-KO cells treated with 20 μg/mL CuONPs for 0, 6 and 9 h. D qPCR analysis of HMOX1 mRNA levels in WT or ATG5-KO cells treated with 20 μg/mL CuONPs for 0, 6 and 9 h. E qPCR analysis of HMOX1 mRNA levels in HUVECs cells treated with CuONPs (20 μg/mL) with or without 3-MA (5 mM), CQ (10 μM) and Wort (2.5 μM), respectively. F, G Immunoblotting analysis and quantification of HMOX1 protein levels in HUVECs cells pretreated with 3-MA (5 mM) for 1 h and treated with CuONPs (20 μg/mL) for 12 h. β-Actin was used as internal control. H, I Immunoblotting analysis and quantification of HMOX1 protein levels in HUVECs cells pretreated with CQ (10 μM) for 1 h and treated with CuONPs (20 μg/mL) for 12 h. GAPDH was used as internal control. All data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey multiple comparison test. All data are representative of three independent experiments. The values are expressed in mean ± S.D. **”, P ≤ 0.01; “***”, “P ≤ 0.001”

Back to article page