Fig. 6

Inorganic–organic hybrid porous nanomaterials for tumor immunotherapy. A Illustration showing repolarization of M2 to M1 macrophages and promotion of phagocytosis via blocking the “don’t-eat-me” signal on the surface of tumor cells by IMD@Hf-DBP/αCD47 with X-ray radiation. B Surface modification of Hf-DBP for αCD47 loading. C αCD47 loading efficiency of Hf-DBP and TFA-modified Hf-DBP. D Release profiles of IMD and αCD47 of IMD@Hf-DBP/αCD47, n = 3. E Repolarization of macrophages cocultured with CT26 cells treated with PBS (+), IMD (+), Hf-DBP (+), or IMD@HfDBP (+). F Phagocytosis of CFSE-labeled CT26 cells treated with PBS (+), αCD47 (+), Hf-DBP (+), or Hf-DBP/αCD47 (+) by macrophages observed under CLSM, scale bar = 50 μm. Quantification of macrophage repolarization (G) and phagocytosis (H), n = 3. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.005 from control. I Growth curves of primary tumors and distant tumors of bilateral CT26 tumor-bearing mice. Black, red, and blue arrows represent intratumoral injection, X-ray irradiation, and intraperitoneal injection, respectively. J ELISpot assay to measure IFN-γ generating T cells with tumor-specific responses in splenocytes after treatments. The percentage of tumor-infiltrating CD8⁺ cells (K), CD4⁺ T cells (L), and NK cells (M) in the total number of tumor cells. n = 5. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.005 from control