Fig. 3

Different types of in vitro 3D architectures. A The prepared bioink is fed into the 3D printing system's nozzle at a predetermined flow rate, and the printing solution is charged by applying high voltage electricity to the needle's tip. Various forms of nanoscaffolds may be generated as required by adjusting the movement of the collecting platform. B Enterocytes are cultivated in a standard medium first, and then inoculated onto a nanoscaffold. Intestinal organoids create with the assistance of the nanoscaffold's spatial structure exhibit a range of structural characteristics, including spherical structures, budding structures, and complicated three-dimensional structures such as crypt or villi