Fig. 3

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [42]. B The microfluidic hanging-drop-based perfusion platform for evaluating dynamic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of single islet. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [44]. C The microfluidic system integrated with a Raman microspectroscope for marker-independent evaluation of pancreatic islet. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [45]. D The fully automated droplet generation and analysis device for sampling and quantification of islet secretion. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [46]. E The microfluidic-based islet-on-a-chip that enables automate islet loading, stimulation and insulin quantification. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [47]. F The microfluidic array enables live-cells muti-parameters imaging. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [48]. G The chip with cup-shaped nozzles for limiting shear-induced damage and imaging the Ca²⁺ responses of pancreatic islet. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [49]. H The microfluidic platform for online monitoring of amino acid secretion from islet in response to glucose stimulation. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [50]. I The surface plasmon resonance imaging chip (SPRi Chip) for simultaneous quantification of 3 islet secretions. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [51]