Fig. 2

Preparation and characterization of IGBN. a ¹H NMR spectra of Pt-Arg prodrug. b HPLC examination of GSH-induced activation of the Pt-Arg prodrug. c Hydrodynamic size distribution of Cu-GA, CPA, and IGBN (n = 3). d Zeta potentials of Cu-GA, CPA, and IGBN (n = 3). e XRD patterns of Cu-GA, CPA, and IGBN. f Representative TEM images of IGBN and EDS elemental mapping images of IGBN with Cu, Pt and O elements. Scale bar: 200 nm. g The content of Cu, Pt and l-Arg in 1 mg of IGBN by ICP-MS (n = 3). h FTIR spectra of Cu-GA, DSPE-PEG₂₀₀₀, CPA, and IGBN. i Representative TEM images of IGBN in pH 7.4, pH 6.8 and pH 4.5. Scale bar: 200 nm. j Cu²⁺ release from IGBN at pH 7.4, pH 6.8 and pH 4.5 (n = 3). k The PA release from IGBN at pH 7.4, pH 6.8 and pH 4.5 (n = 3). l IGBN and H₂O₂ concentration dependent NO release in the present of 10 mM GSH (n = 3). m The mechanism for Cu mediated estrogen consumption. n Panel of five different mixtures for the generation of H₂O₂. A, B, C, D, and E represent Cu²⁺, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), Cu²⁺  + 4-OHE2, NADH + 4-OHE2, and Cu²⁺  + NADH + 4-OHE2, respectively. And quantification of H₂O₂ generated in A–E based on the absorbance from hydrogen peroxide kit (n = 3)