Fig. 6
In vivo wound healing of hybrid BMP. A Schematic diagram of the experiment against bacterial wound infection in vivo. B Wound closure after treatment with BMP-Ag and Ag-Fe3O4 NPs and comparison with Ag and BMP NPs, with saline solution as the control. On day 7, Ag-Fe3O4-treated mice wound healed completely and showed enhanced wound contraction compared with other groups. C, D, different treatment mice wound closure rate (C) and bacterial death rate under a scab (D) on days 1, 3 and 7. After three days of treatment, the bacteria death rate and the wound closure rate of Ag-Fe3O4 NPs were significantly higher than those of the control group. E Histopathology results show the hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) stained granulation tissues on day 7. Red arrows indicate tissue regeneration; yellow arrows indicate blood vessels; black arrows indicate granulation; blue arrows indicate inflammation. Ag-Fe3O4 treated infected wound showed obvious tissue regeneration, almost no inflammation compared to control. Data are presented as the mean ± s.d. (n = 3 biological replicates per group) and statistically analysed using the two-sided Student’s t-test: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. Ag silver, BMP bacterial magnetic nanoparticles, NP nanoparticle