Table 4 FDA-approved mucus-interacting systems and excipients
Drug/formulation | Year of FDA approval | Type of mucus-interacting system | Function/purpose | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
MuGard | 2006 | Mucoadhesive (Carbomer) | Treatment of mucositis | [237] |
Sitavig (acyclovir) | 2013 | Mucoadhesive (cellulose) | Buccal cold sore treatment | [238] |
Oravig | 2010 | Mucoadhesive (cellulose) | Buccal mouth/throat yeast infection treatment | [239] |
ProctiGard | 2014 | Mucoadhesive (Carbomer) | Treatment of rectal mucositis | [240] |
SP1049C | 2008 (Orphan Drug designation) | Mucus-penetrating (Pluronic) | Pluronic-based treatment of gastric carcinomas | [241] |
Cetylev (N-acetylcysteine) | 2016 | Mucolytic (N-acetylcysteine conjugation) | Acetaminophen overdose treatment | [242] |
Diphenoxylate hydrochloride and atropine sulfate | 1978 | Mucoadhesive (cellulose) | Diarrhea treatment | [243] |
Tarka (trandolapril and verapamil hydrochloride extended release) | 1996 | Mucoadhesive (cellulose) | High blood pressure treatment | [244] |
Kadian (morphine sulfate extended release) | 1996 | Mucoadhesive (Ethylcellulose) | Long-term severe pain treatment | [245] |
Uroxatral (alfuzosin hydrochloride extended release) | 2003 | Mucoadhesive (Ethylcellulose, methylcellulose) | Benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment | [246] |
K-Tab (potassium chloride extended release) | 1980 | Mucoadhesive (cellulose) | Hypokalemia treatment | [247] |
Exalgo (hydromorphone hydrochloride extended release) | 2010 | Mucoadhesive (Cellulose acetate) | Management of moderate/severe pain in opioid-tolerant patients | [248] |
Lescol XL (fluvastatin sodium extended release) | 2000 | Mucoadhesive (Hydroxypropylcellulose) | High cholesterol treatment | [249] |
Mirapex (pramipexole dihydrochloride extended release) | 1997 | Mucoadhesive (Carbomer) | Parkinson’s disease treatment | [250] |
Voltaren-XR (diclofenac sodium extended release) | 1996 | Mucoadhesive (Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) | Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis symptom treatment | [251] |
Kapspargo Sprinkle (metoprolol succinate extended release) | 2018 | Mucoadhesive (Ethylcellulose) | Angina, heart failure, high blood pressure treatment | [252] |
Glumetza (metformin hydrochloride extended release) | 2005 | Mucoadhesive (cellulose) | Type 2 diabetes treatment | [253] |
Razadyne ER (galantamine hydrobromide) | 2005 | Mucoadhesive (Ethylcellulose) | Alzheimer’s disease treatment | [254] |
Trokendi XR (topiramate) | 2013 | Mucoadhesive (Ethylcellulose) | Epilepsy treatment | [255] |
Wellbutrin XL (bupropion hydrochloride) | 2003 | Mucoadhesive (Ethylcellulose) | Major depressive disorder treatment | [256] |
Elepsia XR (levetiracetam) | 2018 | Mucoadhesive (Ethylcellulose) | Partial-onset seizure adjunctive therapy | [257] |
Aciphex (rabeprazole sodium delayed release) | 1999 | Mucoadhesive (Ethylcellulose) | Gastroesophageal reflux disease and duodenal ulcer treatment | [258] |
Excipient | Year of FDA approval | Type of mucus-interacting system | Function/purpose | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Carbopol 971P | 2012 | Mucoadhesive | Inactive ingredient in extended release tablets | [259] |
Poloxamer 407 | 2016 | Mucus-penetrating | Inactive ingredient in opioid-induced constipation treatment tablets (RELISTOR) | [260] |
Poloxamer 188 | 1995, 2000 | Mucus-penetrating | Inactive ingredient in antiprotozoal suspension (MEPROM) and antimalarial suspension (MALARONE) |