Fig. 2

Enhancement of cross-presentation in dendritic cells by nanoparticles. A Schematic illustration of nanoparticles enhancing cross-presentation in dendritic cells. B Representative bright field (left), fluorescence (middle) and overlaid (right) images of DCs after incubation with FITC-labelled α-Al₂O₃ (60 nm)-OVA for 0.5 (upper) and 24 h (lower). C Vaccination with α-Al2O3-OVA induced high frequency of OVA-specific IFN-γ producing CD8⁺ T cells in spleens of mice [45].