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Table 1 Advantages and disadvantages of different in vitro tumor culture models

From: Tumor-on-a-chip model for advancement of anti-cancer nano drug delivery system

Models

Advantages

Disadvantages

2D cell-culture

Cheap, High-throughput

Easy to culture

Only tumor cell lines

No TME

Morphology and phenotype changes

3D spheroids

Cell-cell and cell-ECM interaction

Physiological morphology

Batch-to batch variation

Lack of vascularization and shear stress

Organoids

Patient-specific cell

High heterogeneity

Expensive and difficult to culture

Lack of vascularization and shear stress

Lack of inherent functions of in situ organs