Fig. 1

Fabrication and characterization of LA/TCS@PLGA-NPs. A The Dh and B zeta potential of TCS@PLGA-NPs, LA/TCS@PLGA-NPs and L. acidophilus envelope fragments (n = 3, mean ± SD). TEM images of C LA/TCS@PLGA-NPs and D TCS@PLGA-NPs (scale bar = 200 nm; inside, the red dashed circles represent the cell envelope). The inserts are the enlarged details (scale bar = 100 nm). E The diameters and F PDI of TCS@PLGA-NPs and LA/TCS@PLGA-NPs in PBS over a span of 48 h. The data points are reported as the mean ± standard deviation