Fig. 1
a Schematic representation of the vibrational-loading device. The device consists of i) a sine wave signal generator able to modulate the input frequency (fin) from 0.1 Hz to 10,000 Hz, ii) the mechanical wave driver, and iii) the driveshaft able to move along the z-axis. This is equipped with iv) a built-in-home cell culture plate housing on the top. b Plot of z-axis acceleration signals acquired at fin = 100 Hz (raw data in the time domain) and c the outcomes obtained after Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) in the frequency domain. d Displacement values of the motion shaft on the z-axis as a function of the input frequency applied (fin). Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3)