From: Black phosphorous nanomaterials as a new paradigm for postoperative tumor treatment regimens
Chemical composition | ||
---|---|---|
 Element | Bond type | Bond length |
  P atoms | Covalent binding between sp3 hybridized P atoms | 0.2224 nm (between nearest P atoms in the same plane); 0.2244 nm (between top and bottom P atoms in the same layer) |
Atomic topography | ||
 Atomic configuration | Single layer thickness | Interlayer distance |
  Puckered honeycomb pattern | Around 0.85 nm | Around 0.53 nm |
Drug delivery capability | ||
  Drug loading mode | Drug loading potential | Drug release sensitivity |
  Covalent binding, electrostatic interaction, π-π interactions, hydrophobic interactions | High drug loading potential due to abundant binding sites and large surface-area-to-volume ratio | Drug release could be triggered by heating, light, acidity, ultrasound, etc. |
Therapeutic capability | ||
  PTT | PDT | Inherent bioactivity |
  Good photothermal potential under NIR illumination | Good quantum yield at around 0.91 under irritation at 660 nm for efficient ROS generation | Inducing tumor specific toxicity through ROS generation and cell cycle arrest |
Degradation behavior | ||
 Degradation mechanism | Degradability | Degradation product |
 Formation of P-O-P bonds, followed by the attack of water molecules and removal of P atoms | Completely degradable in vivo, degradation can be accelerated in the presence of light, heating, basic pH and oxygen | Non-toxic phosphate and phosphonate ions |