Nanocarriers for effective delivery: modulation of innate immunity for the management of infections and the associated complications

Ko, Chung-Nga; Zang, Shaohong; Zhou, Yingtang; Zhong, Zhangfeng; Yang, Chao

doi:10.1186/s12951-022-01582-8

Table 1 A summary of immunomodulators being investigated in the clinical stage and their applications for the management of infections and sepsis

From: Nanocarriers for effective delivery: modulation of innate immunity for the management of infections and the associated complications

Drug	PRR target	Type	Role	Application	Phase of development	Participants	Status	References
imiquimod	TLR7 agonist	Small molecule	Therapeutics	Genital warts (caused by HPV)	Clinical	/	FDA approved	/
Luivac (LW 50,020)	Agonist for various TLRs	Bacterial lysates	Therapeutics	Respiratory tract infections	Clinical	33	Completed	[47]
MGN1703	TLR9 agonist	Synthetic DNA	Adjuvant	HIV	Phase 1b/2a	12	Completed	NCT02443935
CPG 7909	TLR9 agonist	Synthetic DNA	Therapeutics	HIV	Phase 1	97	Completed	NCT00562939
XS15	TLR1/2 ligand	Synthetic Pam3Cys-derivative	Adjuvant	SARS-CoV-2	Phase 1	36	Active but not recruiting	NCT04546841
SD-101	TLR9 agonist	Synthetic oligonucleotide with CpG motifs	Adjuvant	HCV	Phase 1	34	Completed	NCT00823862
GS-9620	TLR7 agonist	Small molecule	Therapeutics	HBV	Phase 1	51	Completed	NCT01590654
imiquimod	TLR7 agonist	Small molecule	Adjuvant	Influenza virus	Phase 3	160	Completed	NCT02103023
resiquimod	TLR7/8 agonist	Small molecule	Adjuvant	Influenza virus	Phase 1	59	Completed	NCT01737580
eritoran	TLR4 antagonist	Synthetic lipid A antagonist	Therapeutics	Sepsis	Phase 3	197	Completed	NCT00334828
TAK-242	TLR4 antagonist	Small molecule	Therapeutics	Sepsis	Phase 3	277	Completed	NCT00143611
NI-0101	TLR4 antagonist	Monoclonal antibody	Therapeutics	Sepsis	Phase 1	80	Completed	NCT01808469
RO7020531	TLR7 agonist	Small molecule	Adjuvant	HBV	Phase 1	46	Completed	NCT02956850
VAX125	Consist of a TLR5 ligand	A recombinant hemagglutinin influenza-flagellin fusion	Adjuvant	Influenza	Phase 2	128	Completed	NCT00730457
imiquimod	TLR7 agonist	Small molecule	Adjuvant	HBV	Phase 2	100	Active but not recruiting	NCT04083157
polyI:C	TLR3 agonist	Synthetic analog of dsRNA	Adjuvant	SARS-CoV-2	Phase 1	48	Not yet recruiting	NCT05155982
IMO-2125	TLR9 agonist	Synthetic DNA	Therapeutics	HCV	Phase 1	63	Completed	NCT00990938
IMO-2125	TLR9 agonist	Synthetic DNA	Therapeutics	HCV	Phase 1	58	Completed	NCT00728936

Back to article page